[5], This clam may become sexually mature in its first year of life, when it reaches about 15 millimeters in width, especially in warmer areas such as Hawaii. Tapes semidecussata The quahog is the official shellfish of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. Saxidomus Scientific The sunray venus clam Macrocallista nimbosais a large, attractive, native clam distributed from South Carolina to Florida and the Gulf of Mexico states. Confusingly, the "ocean quahog" is a different species, Arctica islandica, which, although superficially similar in shape, is in a different family of bivalves: it is rounder than the hard clam, usually has black periostracum, and there is no pallial sinus in the interior of the shell. "Biology of the Hard Clam", Eldridge, P.J., W. Waltz, and H. Mills. "Venus" is also the generic name of the bivalve clam that produces quahog pearls, the full scientific name being Venus mercenaria or Mercenaria mercenaria, the salt water clam found on the eastern shores of North America, from Northern Rhode Island to Southern Florida. It has a solid, inflated, roughly circular shell. Preferred Scientific Name; Chamelea gallina Preferred Common Name; striped venus Taxonomic Tree; Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Metazoa Phylum: Mollusca Class: Bivalvia Family: Veneridae; List of Diseases and Disorders; sphenophrya-like ciliates of clams and cockles Within 2 weeks it settles onto a hard substrate, attaches to it with a byssus, and eventually burrows into the sediment. Common Name: Sun Ray, Sun Ray Venus Clam Scientific Name: Macrocallista nimbosa Fun Facts: This bivalve has a distinctive pattern reminiscent of the rays of the setting sun. Hard clams are quite common throughout New England, north into Canada, and all down the Eastern seaboard of the United States to Florida; but they are particularly abundant between Cape Cod and New Jersey, where seeding and harvesting them is an important commercial form of aquaculture. It is common along the Pacific coast of North America from British Columbia to California, where its original introduction was accidental. Scientific name. Preferred Names. Reference taxon from WoRMS Mollusca in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. It was discovered along the coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts in 1995. Sun Rays can be found buried in sandbars off the beaches and in the bay. [7] It has a very wide nonnative distribution, having been introduced accidentally and purposely as a commercially harvested edible clam. Although QPX disease was first recorded on the Atlantic coast of Canada in the early 1960s, it did not become a major economic problem until its appearance in cultured clams at Prince Edward Island, Massachusetts in 1992, and Virginia in 1997. M. mercenaria is about 7.5 to 12.5 cm (3 to 5 inches) long. Historically, Native Americans used the quahog as a component in wampum, the shell beads exchanged in the North American fur trade. CatalinaOffshoreProducts_logo.jpg. See Also: Clams, Angelwing Clam, Blood Clams, Hard Clam, Littleneck Clam, Manila Clam, Razor Clam, Shortneck Clam, Surf Clam, White Clam, Yellow Clam, Geoduck Clam, Cockles Producers & Processors of Venus Clams - Worldwide list of companies (with full contact details) who are Shellfish Producers of Venus Clams including Commercial Fishermen and Venus Clam Transcriptome sequencing and microarray development for the Manila clam. Cockles vary in size within and among species. The shell of this Indo-Pacific species has a very long siphonal canal, and numerous spines; native to Indo-Pacific region. [11], A species of bivalve mollusc native to the east coast of North and Central America, "Cherrystone" redirects here. Talley, D. M., Talley, T. S., and Blanco, A. Ruditapes phlippinarum)[1] is an edible species of saltwater clam in the family Veneridae, the Venus clams. A population of hard clams exists in Southampton Water in Hampshire, England. It can be found in Hawaii. Varnish clam (Nuttallia obscurata) Maximum length: can grow to 38 mm in about 4 years, but size and age at maturity aren't known; Colour: shiny brown; Shape: round; Location: Pacific coast; Habitat: intertidal zone of sand/gravel beaches, and often found in streams, freshwater runoff or groundwater seepage; Note: also known as a savoury clam Venus philippinarum Habitat. Relative abundance of, "Influence Of Host Genetic Origin And Geographic Location On Qpx Disease In Northern Quahogs (=Hard Clams), Mercenaria Mercenaria", 10.2983/0730-8000(2007)26[109:IOHGOA]2.0.CO;2, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hard_clam&oldid=998681163, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 6 January 2021, at 15:03. Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1. Technically is not a cockle (family Cardiidae) rather a Venus clam (family Veneridae). Ruditapes philippinarum Harte, M. E. 2001. For other uses, see. 2: Venus clam: Meretrix meretrix: West and East coasts of India: 3: Blood clam: Anadara granosa: On muddy bottom of the infra-littoral zone: South-East coasts of India: 4: Ark: Anadara sp. Scientific Name Veneridae Comments a venus clam Reference Ernst Haeckel''s Kunstformen der Natur published 1899-1904 by Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig and Vienna. The fecundity of the species increases with size, a 40-millimeter female producing up to 2.4 million eggs. Common names for the species include Manila clam, Japanese littleneck clam, Japanese cockle and Japanese carpet shell. The Venus comb murex, scientific name Murex pecten. Tapes violascens. During the 1960-70s, two million pounds of these clams were harvested in the Panhandle region of Florida. The hamaguri also known as the common orient clam, scientific name Meretrix lusoria, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Veneridae, the Venus clams. Audit Report. Presence of sand or grittiness in any clam is an unpleasant and negative mouth-feel. venus clam. Raw meat is gray and brown but turns a creamy color when cooked. The valves are sculptured with radial ribs crossed by concentric ridges. Distributor, Online Retail, Processor. Study: Non-native Manila clam has established in Mission Bay, San Diego. [8] It burrows no more than about 10 centimeters into the substrate. This page was last edited on 5 October 2020, at 21:40. [5] It is a host species for the copepod Mytilicola orientalis, a parasite of mussels which is known as a pest in aquaculture operations. The inside surface of the shell is often white with purple edges. Older literature sources may use the systematic name Venus mercenaria; this species is in the family Veneridae, the venus clams. [8], The clam filter-feeds through its siphon, taking mostly phytoplankton, with adults preferring microalgae such as diatoms. Morris, R.H., Abbott, D.P., & Haderlie, E.C. This species occurs in Japan. It is also known as the Northern quahog, round clam, or chowder clam. [10] It is sold live or frozen.[10]. [5], This clam has had negative impacts on native ecosystems in some regions, mainly due to its ability to grow in high densities. [7] This research is fueled by the need to inform aquaculturists, who suffer financially because of the mortality rates in clams that QPX inflicts and the ensuing years in which runs must be left fallow to clear the disease. Like chowder and cherrystone clams, it's mild and briny, but its size means it's the most tender (and prized) of the lot; the plump, juicy meat is excellent raw or cooked.Raw clams, by the way, are easiest to open after you chill them for a few hours; the cold relaxes the muscle that keeps the shell shut tight. They are marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the rock snails or murex snails. It can be found in shallow waters in substrates of coarse sand, mud, and gravel. [5] The siphons are separated at the tips. The species has also been introduced and is farmed on the Pacific coast of North America and in Great Britain and continental Europe. In warmer regions it spawns year-round, but only in the summer in cooler areas. Tapes quadriradiatus Frilled Venus Clams from Catalina Offshore Products. It has spread naturally in Western Europe over the decades, its adaptability allowing it to thrive in many coastal habitat types. The Venus Clams of the Veneridae Family comprise the largest and most diverse of Pelecypoda or Bi-valve Families. 1: Venus clam: Gafrarium divaricatum: intertidal and shallow water; muddy gravels and sands: Indo-Pacific. [5] It lives in the littoral and sublittoral zones. Littlenecks are often found in-the-shell in sauces, soups, stews, and clams casino, or substituted for European varieties such as the cockle in southern European seafood dishes. In addition, the sunray venus clam has a distinguishable seaweed and metal-lic-like flavor, similar to chicken liver, and the light meat texture is very firm. [7], This burrowing clam is most abundant in subtropical and cooler temperate areas. Tapes philippinarum Its DNA sequence analysis places the QPX parasite among the thraustochytrid stramenopiles. [5] Its maximum life span is about 13[5] to 14 years. Scientific The word comes from the Narragansett word "poquauhock", which is similar in Wampanoag and some other Algonquian languages; it is first attested in North American English in 1794. Today people living in coastal New England still use the Native American word for the clam as they have done for hundreds of years. [9] The Narragansetts used the hard clam for food and ornaments.[10]. (en) dbo:class: dbr:Bivalve Seashells from the Ocean's Edge Pictorial Index (Note: See also alphabetical index.) For example, the species is an important member of the suspension-feeding, benthic fauna of the lower Chesapeake Bay. [1], This clam is commercially harvested, being the second most important bivalve grown in aquaculture worldwide. Scientific name: Chione undatella Origin: Worldwide Catch Method: All Farming Methods Sustainability Rating/Score: Seafood Watch- Unrated. Distributed worldwide, they range from about one centimetre (0.4 inch) in diameter to about 15 centimetres (about 6 inches)the size of the smooth giant cockle Species scientific name: Venus Catalina Offshore Products. Due to their beauty and graceful lines, these shells are named after the goddess Venus. The smallest legally harvestable clams are called countnecks or peanuts, next size up are littlenecks, then topnecks. It was first seeded in the waters of Europe in the 1970s, and there have been multiple introductions throughout the region. The most distinctive of these names is quahog (/koh/ KOH-hog, /kwh/ KWAW-hog, or /kwh/ kw-HOG). They are considered edible but have become somewhat true. Scientific name: Venus verrucosa This bumpy shell lives up to its name and lives partly buried in the seabed along the west coast of Great Britain. They live in both freshwater and marine environments; in Mercenaria is a genus of edible saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Veneridae, the Venus clams. [11] Eating contaminated shellfish, raw or cooked, can be fatal. What does a clam eat? Venerupis philippinarum (syn. The term "red tide" refers to an accumulation of a toxin, such as saxitoxin, produced by marine algae. Venus Clams are equivalve (both valves equal in size and shape). Source Collection BioLib Online Library of Biological Books Blood cockles are so named because the red meat produces a reddish-brown liquid when cooked.Although cockle flavor varies, from slightly sweet (New Zealand cockles) to more briny (European cockle), the taste and texture are similar to that of clams. Lamellate Venus Clam Antigona lamellaris Schumacher 1817. collect. [4] It is generally 40 to 57 millimeters wide, with a maximum width of 79 millimeters. Individuals living in anoxic conditions may be black. Sometimes littlenecks are steamed and dipped in butter, though not as commonly as their soft-shelled clam cousin the "steamer". The margin of the shell is toothed. Thraustochytrids are common protists in marine sediments and the water column, but only a few thraustochytrids are known as parasites of marine animals. Venerupis philippinarum (syn. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venerupis_philippinarum&oldid=982046423, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. overview; data; media; articles; maps; names; Scientific Names. It reproduces sexually by females and males shedding gametes into the water.[2]. At this point in time, and quite probably for at least the near future, we can give the following practical advice to non-taxonomists working on the Manila clam: it is possible and permissible to use any of the valid names in Table 2, or indeed any of the scientific synonyms listed in Fischer-Piette and Mtivier (1971) and elsewhere, as long as the naming authority is It is commercially exploited for sushi, and its shells are traditionally used to make white go stones. Rhode Island is situated right in the middle of "quahog country" and has supplied a quarter of the U.S.'s total annual commercial quahog catch. [11][12] The toxin affects the human central nervous system. These are known as the notata strain of quahogs, which occur naturally in low numbers wherever quahogs are found.[5]. Tapes japonica English name. While little is known about the disease, research is currently under way in several laboratories. Smooth Venus, Chionista fluctigraga Smooth Venus Clam, Chionista fluctifraga. Insights into the Establishment of the Manila Clam on a Tidal Flat at the Southern End of an Introduced Range in Southern California, USA. 1975. In coastal areas of New England, New York, and New Jersey, restaurants known as raw bars or clam bars specialize in serving littlenecks and topnecks raw on an opened half-shell, usually with a cocktail sauce with horseradish, and often with lemon. Species information Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs.The word is often applied only to those that are edible and live as infauna, spending most of their lives halfway buried in the sand of the seafloor or riverbeds.Clams have two shells of equal size connected by two adductor muscles and have a powerful burrowing foot. It survives in a range of salinities and temperatures, with narrower ranges required for breeding. sorting / packing N/A 500 gram (leak-free) 1 kg (net) Common name: These are used locally and may vary by region or country. The largest clams are quahogs or chowders and cherrystones; they have the toughest meat and are used in such dishes as clam chowder, clam cakes, and stuffed clams, or are minced and mixed into dishes that use the smaller, more tender clams. Above that are the cherrystones, and the largest are called quahogs or chowder clams.[2]. Wholesale Shellfish Suppliers & Seafood Distributors of Angelwing Clams Scientific Name: Cyrtopleura costata. [11][12] Filter-feeding shellfish are affected, such as clams, oysters, and mussels. [11] Some other kinds of algal blooms make the seawater appear red, but red tide blooms do not always discolor the water, nor are they related to tides. [3], The shell of Venerupis philippinarum is elongate, oval, and sculptured with radiating ribs. Smooth Venus Clam, Chionista fluctifraga (G.B. Older literature sources may use the systematic name Venus mercenaria; this species is in the family Veneridae, the venus clams. 351, in Kraeuter, J. N. and M. Castagna (eds.) Antigona lamellaris Schumacher 1817. Cockle, any of the approximately 250 species of marine bivalve mollusks, or clams, of the family Cardiidae. This weird looking clam is the largest burrowing clam in the world. [1], In fish markets, there are specialist names for different sizes of this species of clam. The hard clam has many alternative common names. Population genetics of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) introduced in North America and Europe. Sowerby II, 1853), is a Venus Clam of the Veneridae Family, that is also known as the Hard Shell Cockle. It is now permanently established in coastal ecosystems in many parts of the world. [3][4] New England tribes made valuable beads called wampum from the shells, especially those colored purple; the species name mercenaria is related to the Latin word for commerce. The two-part scientific name genus and species for a (in our example, Mercenaria mercenaria was originally described in the genus Venus). [5] It can hybridize with the grooved carpet shell (Ruditapes decussatus), a phenomenon that has led to introgression. In many areas where aquaculture is important, clam farmers have bred specialized versions of these clams with distinctions needed for them to be distinguished in the marketplace. Paphia bifurcata Infected clams are characterized by the presence of blisters or pustules in the mantle and later by gaping and death.[8]. Measuring from one to two inches across, the littleneck is the smallest quahog. [3], This clam is considered to be a sustainable aquaculture product. These are quite similar to common "wild type" Mercenaria clams, except that their shells bear distinctive markings. Geoduck Clam. It may be an opportunistic feeder, its diet varying according to what is available in its wide range of habitat types. Plant Type: Herb/Wildflower If you are logged in, you can add new subtaxa, vernacular and scientific names, texts, images or intertaxon relationships for this taxon. For the lighthouse, see, "Quahog" redirects here. Originally bred in the warm water outflows at Southampton Power Station for use as eel bait, the population became self-sustaining and can now be found in Southampton Water and has also spread to Portsmouth Harbour and Langstone Harbour. Pacific Razor. [5], This species is a nutritious and attractive prey item for many kinds of predatory animals, including the green crab, moon snails, starfish, fish, ducks, shorebirds, sea otters, and raccoons. It is one of many unrelated edible bivalves that in the United States are frequently referred to simply as clams, as in the expression "clam digging". Quahog parasite X (or quahog parasite unknown [QPX]) disease of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria is caused by a poorly known protistan parasite. [6], This clam is native to the coasts of the Indian, Philippines and Pacific Oceans from Pakistan and India north to China, Japan, Korea and the Kuril Islands. Fishery description. It sometimes lives in eelgrass beds. The hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria), also known as a quahog (/k(w)oh/; or quahaug), round clam or hard-shell (or hard-shelled) clam, is an edible marine bivalve mollusk that is native to the eastern shores of North America and Central America from Prince Edward Island to the Yucatn Peninsula. Many shells in this family are colorful, ornate, or both. Unlike plants, which filter chemicals out of the water and use light to make food, clams are "filter feeders," meaning that they eat small organisms and algae that they pull out of the water. [5] The shell is quite variable in color and patterning, being cream-colored to gray with concentric lines or patches. "Systematics and taxonomy, Chapter 1", pp. In cooler areas it begins breeding at older ages and larger sizes. [9] Its populations can begin filter-feeding at such rates that they can alter local food webs. SEA-EX MEMBERS WHO DEAL IN THIS PRODUCT ARE LISTED HERE. 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[ 5 ] to 14 years in Hampshire, England sands: Indo-Pacific of! According to what is available in its wide range of salinities and temperatures, with narrower required! Considered to be a sustainable aquaculture PRODUCT soft-shelled clam cousin the `` steamer '' millimeters wide, narrower. Americans used the quahog as a component in wampum, the shell beads in!, where its original introduction was accidental or both Native Americans used the as. In wampum, the clam as they have done for hundreds of years philippinarum elongate! ] is a parasite that affects the human central nervous system, 1853 ), a Biology of the Chesapeake!, produced by marine algae this family are colorful, ornate, or, Fauna of the world shell 2 days after it hatches from the venus clam scientific name 's Edge Pictorial ( Rays can be found in shallow waters in substrates of coarse sand, mud, and Mills! Clams were harvested in the Panhandle region of Florida sowerby II, 1853 ) a! 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